
High information voters believe that voters should understand many of the issues of an election and the stances of the candidates on those issues before they vote for someone. High information voters also believe that most voters should be like that.
I am a high information voter who believes something different. I believe that most voters are not like that and never will be. I believe most information are low information voters.
Low information voters vote for or against a candidate based on one or two pieces of information. This limited information could be:
- Party affiliation: they vote for a candidate because they belong to a party they like. Or they vote against one candidate of a party they hate by voting for a less hateful candidate.
- One overriding issue: they vote for a candidate because that candidate supports the issue they care about more than any other candidate
- Character: they vote for a candidate because they consider them the strongest or the least corrupt or the most forthright about matters.
- Alignment: they vote for the candidate that is most aligned with them, however they see themselves. Or they vote for the candidate they see as most aligned with being a leader, whatever that is.
Once a low information voter has this information, they will make their choice.
As a high information voter, you might have a hard time understanding why someone chooses to be a low information voter. But there are many reasons why someone chooses to be this way, such as:
- The voter votes on one issue because they feel that nothing is more important than this issue. Once they know how the candidates stand on this issue, they can cast their vote without discovering much more.
- The voter votes for one party and their candidates consistently. They believe that members of that party govern best.
- The voter doesn’t have the ability to find out about all or most of the candidates. This is especially true of candidates for minor offices.
- The voter doesn’t feel they have the ability to understand the issues at stake in an election. The information is at hand, but they can’t process it.
- The voter has important or difficult things to deal with in their lives and so they lose their ability to focus on the issues.
- The voter feels the responsibility of voting but they dislike politics and politicians and would prefer not to think too much about it.
- The voter feels the system is wrong somehow and wants to limit their involvement in the system.
Of course there are a number of invalid reasons that low information voters vote, too, such as:
- prejudicial or bigoted reasons (e.g. they only vote for white men)
- silly reasons (e.g., they don’t vote for bald men or men that are short or wear glasses)
- corrupt reasons (e.g. they vote for a candidate because the candidate buys their vote)
Regardless of what their reasoning is, this is how many voters vote and they will not be persuaded by a flurry of facts from a high information voter. Either they will not have the ability to weigh the facts provided, or they don’t think those additional facts matter to them.
It should be noted that low information voters are not uneducated or stupid. A single issue voter may be highly educated and decide that only candidates that support better healthcare. An intelligent voter may vote against a candidate because of a major scandal, even if they voted for the candidate repeatedly in the past. A vote is a limited instrument: what the meaning is of the vote is only known to the voter.
In the future, when you read a piece about the election (or rejection) or a candidate who stood for A, B, C, D, E, F and G on the issues, don’t assume that most voters voted for or against him/her because of the sum of A to G. Assume many voters voted for or against the candidates based on just one of those.
P.S. This was inspired by many things I’ve seen on social media that read like this:
Michael Hobbes @michaelhobbes.bsky.social
This is the whole ballgame for me: You cannot run a functioning democracy in a media environment where voters do not know basic facts about what candidates do and believe.
Voters are living in a post-internet world and legacy institutions have not kept up.